You are somewhat experienced with GNU/Linux and familiar with Debian installation process. You read manpages before you Google, and have at least heard of debootstrap.
You know your networking configuration for your machine in question (Virtual or otherwise).
Ok? Let's start.
If you are trying this on VirtualBox/VMware, you need to boot your CD. When the menu pops up, choose: Advanced Options -> Rescue Mode
In case you have a hosting provider, you might just be given access to it straight away.
Debian installer options
Configure your networking via prompts
Locale, and other options are not relevant and won't be included in our newly installed system. We will configure almost everything by hand.
You might get a warning that there are "No partitions found". Either way, make sure you pick: "Execute a shell in the installer environment"
Partitioning
The following partitioning scheme will be used for the purpose of this guide:
/dev/sda1, type Linux, size 512MB
/dev/sda2, type LVM, size <everything else>
As I said in the introduction, I expect the reader to be somewhat GNU/Linux ready. This means that you know how to use fdisk to do this basic type of partitioning.
To get you started:
fdisk /dev/sda
Press "h" for help, read the manpages, and use Google as your last resource (for examples)
LVM
Just like partitioning, this LVM setup will be used for the remainder of this guide
vgcreate mainvg /dev/sda2
lvcreate mainvg -L 1G -n root
lvcreate mainvg -L 1G -n swap
lvcreate mainvg -L 1G -n usr
lvcreate mainvg -L 1G -n tmp
lvcreate mainvg -L 1G -n srv
lvcreate mainvg -L 1G -n var
lvcreate mainvg -L 1G -n home
You can adjust the sizes (1G), volume group name (mainvg) and logical volume names (root,swap...) as you see fit... example:
lvcreate reallycoolvg -L 512M -n myhome
File systems
mkswap /dev/mainvg/swap
mkfs.ext2 /dev/sda1
mkfs.ext4 /dev/mainvg/root
mkfs.ext4 /dev/mainvg/usr
mkfs.ext4 /dev/mainvg/tmp
mkfs.ext4 /dev/mainvg/srv
mkfs.ext4 /dev/mainvg/var
mkfs.ext4 /dev/mainvg/home
You can use whatever filesystem you like. Just be careful to use whatever partition names you chose before and to set it accordingly in fstab later!
We have to mount root first
mount /dev/mainvg/root /mnt
Basic dir structure
mkdir /mnt/boot
mkdir /mnt/usr
mkdir /mnt/tmp
mkdir /mnt/srv
mkdir /mnt/var
mkdir /mnt/home
Activate swap
swapon -a
Mount our partitions
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot
mount /dev/mainvg/usr /mnt/usr
mount /dev/mainvg/tmp /mnt/tmp
mount /dev/mainvg/srv /mnt/srv
mount /dev/mainvg/var /mnt/var
mount /dev/mainvg/home /mnt/home
Bootstrap
We want locales set up, unless you like seeing Perl errors everywhere. Those editors (vim, joe) are just my preference. You will have nano installed by default.
Use whatever working mirror you like. Don't go overboard with the initial packages. Better save your list of favorite packages for later, when you can copy and paste with ease.
debootstrap --include=openssh-server,vim,joe,locales wheezy /mnt http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian
Chroot
cd /mnt
mount -t proc proc proc/
mount -t sysfs sys sys/
mount -o bind /dev dev/
mount -t devpts pts dev/pts/
chroot /mnt /bin/bash
Basic stuff
passwd
Create your non-root user:
useradd -c "This is my account" -m -s /bin/bash -d /home/userguy userguy
Don't forget to set a password
passwd userguy
Optional
vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config
Find the following directive and set it like this:
Now that we are somewhat safer, it's time to start sshd in our chroot environment, so we can copy and paste with ease.
service ssh start
Now it's time to SSH in. Use the "userguy" user you created earlier, and switch to root:
su -
Initial system configuration
Let's edit our sources.list. If you know what you are doing, edit this to your satisfaction:
vim /etc/apt/sources.list
This is the contents of our example content:
deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/ wheezy main contrib non-free
deb-src http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian wheezy main contrib non-free
deb http://security.debian.org/ wheezy/updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://security.debian.org/ wheezy/updates main contrib non-free
We need to configure our locales. If you don't know what to pick, then go with en_US.UTF-8. You will get a second question, and again select your desired locale (en_US.UTF-8)
dpkg-reconfigure locales
Configure your timezone:
dpkg-reconfigure tzdata
Set your hostname
vim /etc/hostname
We configured networking for our rescue environment, but those settings don't get picked up by debootstrap. You need to configure your network manually here.
Use your own IP address / subnet / gateway
vim /etc/network/interfaces
Example content:
# interfaces(5) file used by ifup(8) and ifdown(8)
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.1.10
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.1.1
Set your DNS servers here
vim /etc/resolv.conf
Content:
nameserver 8.8.8.8
nameserver 8.8.4.4
Edit your fstab
vim /etc/fstab
Content:
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
/dev/mapper/mainvg-root / ext4 defaults 0 1
# /boot was on /dev/sda1 during installation
/dev/sda1 /boot ext2 defaults 0 2
/dev/mapper/mainvg-home /home ext4 nosuid,nodev 0 2
/dev/mapper/mainvg-srv /srv ext4 nosuid,nodev 0 2
/dev/mapper/mainvg-tmp /tmp ext4 nosuid,nodev 0 2
/dev/mapper/mainvg-usr /usr ext4 defaults 0 2
/dev/mapper/mainvg-var /var ext4 nosuid,nodev 0 2
/dev/mapper/mainvg-swap none swap nosuid,nodev 0 0
/dev/sr0 /media/cdrom0 udf,iso9660 user,noauto 0 0
You might consider using UUID= for your swap partition. Use blkid /dev/mainvg/swap
Let's update our system
apt-get update && apt-get upgrade
Install some basic stuff
apt-get install lvm2 grub firmware-linux-nonfree firmware-linux-free sudo ntp linux-image-amd64 less
Note:
"firmware-*" is optional, but some hardware components might need it.
"sudo", "less" and "ntp" are also optional. You can get rid of them if you don't need them.
Use the appropriate kernel architecture for your arch.
GRUB
Note: I hope you tested this procedure on a VirtualBox/VMware box first. If you have other partitions on a live system, be VERY careful how you type the following commands:
mkdir /boot/grub
update-grub
grub-install --root-directory=/ /dev/sda
Log out from your SSH session
Log out from your chroot environment
Reboot from rescue shell
Don't boot from CD
